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泵業(yè)鉑族金屬 有哪些化學(xué)性質(zhì)?
鉑族金屬電離電位很高，在常溫下對(duì)許多化學(xué)試劑(如酸、堿和最活發(fā)的非金屬)有很高的抗腐蝕能力。但在一定條件下， 它們可與酸、堿、氧和鹵素反應(yīng)。鉑族金屬在熱處理過(guò)程中被鈍化，這是由于在金屬表面形成一層穩(wěn)定的氧化薄膜。以金屬細(xì)粉(鉑黑)形式存在的鉑族金屬最容易溶解。海綿狀和粉末狀的鉑族金屬不易溶解，致密狀態(tài)的金屬更難溶。
鉑族金屬有一種特殊的性質(zhì):當(dāng)它們與比較活潑的金屬熔融成合金時(shí)，就有可能用無(wú)機(jī)酸溶解。容易與鉑族金屬形成合金的金屬有鉛、錫、鉍和鋅。
(1)鉑族金屬對(duì)酸和其他試劑的作用
鉑:抗酸、堿的腐蝕性能良好，致密狀的鉑不與單獨(dú)的無(wú)機(jī)酸起作用，熔融狀態(tài)的碳酸鹽、硫酸鹽和鹵化物對(duì)它略起作用。鉑溶于王水，但它的溶解速度與它的狀態(tài)有關(guān)。致密狀的鉑在王水中溶解緩慢，直徑為1mm的鉑絲，需4~ 5h才能完全溶解。粉未狀的“鉑黑”能同沸硫酸作用。鉑能被過(guò)氧化鈉熔融分解。鉛扣中的鉑不被硝酸分解。
鈀:金屬鈀可溶解于硝酸中，在同發(fā)煙硝酸作用時(shí)生成Pd(NO:)2。鈀也溶解于濃硫酸酸中，生成褐色硫酸鈀溶液。鈀在王水作用下，可得到四價(jià)鈀的化合物一氯鈀酸 (HPdCl),將此溶液用鹽酸煮沸，還原為H:(PdC4)。
銠:致密的金屬銠在酸中兒乎不溶解。 極細(xì)粉末狀的銠能緩慢溶解在沸硫酸或王水中。當(dāng)金屬佬用膠金屬集硫酸鹽熔融時(shí)，生成可溶于水的硫酸銠。在過(guò)氧化鈉或氧化劑(如NaNO3)存在的情況下，金屬銠用或熔融井且同過(guò)氧化鋇燒結(jié)生成水合氧化銠，將其溶于鹽酸轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殂櫟穆冉j(luò)合物。粉末狀的金屬銠和氯化鈉混合在氯氣流中加熱到400也能生成銠的氯絡(luò)合物NasRhCl,易溶于水及酸中。金屬銠與鉛或鉍的合金，也能溶解于硝酸中。粉末狀的銠在300~500C下與過(guò)量的錫(100~1000 倍)的熔塊可溶于濃鹽酸中。
銥:銥不溶于酸。金屬銥用過(guò)氧化鈉熔融或用過(guò)氧化鋇燒結(jié)以后用鹽酸浸取可使其轉(zhuǎn)入溶液。或者用氯化鈉混合進(jìn)行氯化，用水浸取而轉(zhuǎn)入溶液。銥同堿和硝酸鈉(或過(guò)氧化鈉)氧化熔融后轉(zhuǎn)入溶液中，用鹽酸浸取生成銥的氯鉻合物。銥同銠相反，同焦硫酸鈉、鉛和鉍的熔融物不能轉(zhuǎn)入溶液中。但它同金屬錫熔融后生成的合金用鹽酸和過(guò)氧化氫混合溶液處理而轉(zhuǎn)入溶液。銥同鉑形成富鉑合金后可溶解在王水中，當(dāng)合金中銥大于1%時(shí)，溶解較慢。
釕:金屬釕不溶解于酸和王水，它不同KHSO4反應(yīng)。釕在同苛性鈉和氧化劑熔融后，可轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榭扇苡谒尼懰猁}(Me,RuO4)。 熔融劑可以采用下列混合物:堿和硝酸鈉或氯化鈉;碳酸鉀和硝酸鉀;過(guò)氧化鋇和硝酸鋇。當(dāng)釕和過(guò)氧化物加熱時(shí)，生成綠色高釕酸鈉(NaRuO)可溶于水。釕浴于堿金屬的次級(jí)酸鹽形成揮發(fā)性四氧化釕(RuO4)。 釕同次氯酸鈉反應(yīng)比同次氯酸鉀反應(yīng)激烈。釕同銠、銥類(lèi)似，能夠同氯化鈉混合加熱氧化而轉(zhuǎn)入溶液中。渣漿泵廠家
銀:致密狀態(tài)的錢(qián)不溶解在酸和王水中，細(xì)小粉未狀的鋨可被沸騰的硫酸氧化生成四氧化銀(O0s04).濃硝酸可氧化細(xì)小粉末狀的金屬鋨。鋨同堿金屬氯化物加熱氯化時(shí)，生成堿金屬的氨銀酸鹽(MeO.ch),它被水蒸氣分解生成HOI和0:O.俄同破熔融轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殇~酸鹽(MeOsO4)而完全溶于水。以5~6倍的過(guò)氧化鈉熔融鋨可得到同樣的結(jié)果，當(dāng)用鹽酸浸取時(shí)，熔融物可分離和析
出OsO4
What are the chemical properties of platinum group metals in pump industry?
The ionization potential of PGMS is very high, which has high corrosion resistance to many chemical reagents (such as acid, alkali and the most active nonmetal) at room temperature. But under certain conditions, they can react with acid, alkali, oxygen and halogen. Platinum group metals are passivated in the process of heat treatment due to the formation of a stable oxide film on the metal surface. Platinum group metals in the form of fine metal powder (platinum black) are the most soluble. The platinum group metals in the form of sponge and powder are not easy to dissolve, and the metals in the dense state are more difficult to dissolve.
Platinum group metals have a special property: when they melt into alloys with more active metals, they may be dissolved with inorganic acids. Lead, tin, bismuth and zinc are the metals that are easy to form alloys with platinum group metals.
(1) Effects of platinum group metals on acids and other reagents
Platinum: it has good corrosion resistance to acid and alkali. Dense platinum does not work with inorganic acid alone. Molten carbonate, sulfate and halide slightly work on it. Platinum is soluble in aqua regia, but its dissolution rate is related to its state. The dissolution of dense platinum in aqua regia is slow. The diameter of 1 mm platinum wire needs 4 ~ 5 hours to be completely dissolved. The powdered "platinum black" can react with boiling sulfuric acid. Platinum can be melted and decomposed by sodium peroxide. Platinum in lead buckle is not decomposed by nitric acid.
Palladium: metal palladium can be dissolved in nitric acid, and Pd (No:) 2 will be formed when it acts with fuming nitric acid. Palladium is also dissolved in concentrated sulfuric acid to form Brown palladium sulfate solution. Under the action of aqua regia, palladium tetrachloride (hpdcl) was obtained. The solution was boiled with hydrochloric acid and reduced to H: (pdc4).
Rhodium: dense metal rhodium is insoluble in acid. Rhodium in the form of very fine powder can be slowly dissolved in boiling sulfuric acid or aqua regia. Rhodium sulfate, soluble in water, is formed when the metal is fused with the metal sulfate. In the presence of sodium peroxide or oxidant (such as NaNO3), rhodium metal is sintered with barium peroxide to form hydrated rhodium oxide, which is dissolved in hydrochloric acid and converted into rhodium chloride complex. The mixture of rhodium and sodium chloride in the form of powder can also form the rhodium chloride complex nasrhcl, which is easily soluble in water and acid. An alloy of rhodium and lead or bismuth that can also be dissolved in nitric acid. The powder rhodium can be dissolved in concentrated hydrochloric acid at 300 ~ 500C with an excess of tin (100 ~ 1000 times).
Iridium: iridium is insoluble in acids. Iridium can be melted with sodium peroxide or sintered with barium peroxide and then leached with hydrochloric acid to make it into solution. Or mix with sodium chloride for chlorination, soak with water and transfer into solution. Iridium is oxidized and fused with alkali and sodium nitrate (or sodium peroxide) and then transferred into solution. Iridium chloride chromium complex is formed by leaching with hydrochloric acid. Iridium, as opposed to rhodium, cannot be transferred into solution by melting with sodium pyrosulfate, lead and bismuth. However, the alloy formed after melting with tin is treated with a mixed solution of hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide and transferred into the solution. When iridium is more than 1%, the dissolution rate is slow.
Ruthenium: metallic ruthenium does not dissolve in acids and aqua regia. It does not react with KHSO4. After melting with caustic soda and oxidant, ruthenium can be converted into water-soluble ruthenium salts (me, RuO4). The following mixtures can be used for melting agent: alkali and sodium nitrate or sodium chloride; potassium carbonate and potassium nitrate; barium peroxide and barium nitrate. When ruthenium and peroxides are heated, a green high ruthenium sodium (naruo) is formed which is soluble in water. Ruthenium is bathed in the secondary salts of alkali metals to form volatile ruthenium tetroxide (RuO4). The reaction of ruthenium with sodium hypochlorite is more intense than that with potassium chlorate. Ruthenium, like rhodium and iridium, can be mixed with sodium chloride, heated and oxidized, and transferred into solution. Slurry pump manufacturer
Silver: the dense state of money is insoluble in acid and aqua regia. The fine powder of osmium can be oxidized by boiling sulfuric acid to form silver tetroxide (o0s04). The concentrated nitric acid can oxidize the fine powder of osmium. When osmium is heated and chlorinated with alkali metal chloride, the alkali metal ammoniac silver salt (MEO. CH) is formed. It is decomposed by water vapor to form Hoi and 0: o. The same result can be obtained by melting osmium with 5-6 times of sodium peroxide. When leached with hydrochloric acid, the melt can be separated and separated
Out of OsO4
