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渣漿泵產(chǎn)品發(fā)展趨勢(shì)與概況設(shè)計(jì)
(1) 概述
渣漿泵廣泛地應(yīng)用于冶金、礦山、煤炭、電力、石油化工、食品、城建、環(huán)保和河道港口疏浚、填海造田等國民經(jīng)濟(jì)各個(gè)部門。
固體物料的管道水力輸送技術(shù)歷史較久，而長距高管道輸送技術(shù)于20世紀(jì)50年代迅速發(fā)展起來。由于這種輸送方式具有效率高、占地少、成本低、無污染等優(yōu)點(diǎn)而越來越被人們所重視。美國、巴西、日本、前蘇聯(lián)、南非、加拿大等國家相繼建成了多條固體物料水力輸送管道。據(jù)文獻(xiàn)[92]介紹，從20世紀(jì)50年代到80年代初投入運(yùn)行的漿體輸送管道已有28條，最長達(dá)440km,美國黑梅薩輸煤管線。據(jù)報(bào)道，美國計(jì)劃于1979年投產(chǎn)的懷俄明一阿肯色輸煤管道長達(dá)1670km,年輸煤量2500萬t。另有報(bào)道，美國ETST能源系統(tǒng)公司輸煤管線長達(dá)2500km,年輸煤量為370萬t,原計(jì)劃于1985年完成。1980年，蘇聯(lián)對(duì)庫茲巴斯輸煤管線進(jìn)行可行性分析，管線長2500km,年輸煤量2500萬t。
漿體輸送濃度，從20世紀(jì)50年代的Cw =40%~60%發(fā)展到80年代初的C.=60% ~70%。
由于普道輸送技術(shù)的發(fā)展，對(duì)于固體物料管道水力輸送必不可少的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備一各類固液泵的需求則日益增加。
據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)，目前國外專門從事固液泵生產(chǎn)的公司就有300多家。其中許多廠家如澳大利亞沃曼(Warman) 國際設(shè)備公司，美國古爾茲(Goulds) 泵公司、沃辛頓(Worthngton)泵公司，荷蘭石爾蘇斯(Holthus) 公司，德國威斯(Wirth) 公司和KSB公司等廠家生產(chǎn)的各類固液泵產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)先進(jìn)，結(jié)構(gòu)合理，效率高，壽命長，廣泛地應(yīng)用于各種物料的輸送工程中，在世界上享有較高的信譽(yù)。
目前，各工業(yè)等部門主要應(yīng)用四大類固液泵產(chǎn)品——離心泵、往復(fù)泵、隔膜泵和渣漿泵。在這四大類固液泵產(chǎn)品中，離心泵占絕大多數(shù)(約占泵總用量的80%左右)。離心泵總投資費(fèi)用和制造成本低，拆裝方便，且有向長距離管道應(yīng)用的趨勢(shì)。近年來，往復(fù)泵如柱塞泥漿泵、瑪爾斯泵、活塞隔膜泵、油或水隔離泥漿泵等得到了發(fā)展，引起人們的關(guān)注，該類型泵的總投資費(fèi)用相當(dāng)于離心泵的2~5倍，但維護(hù)運(yùn)行費(fèi)用低廉，適用于長距離管道輸送高濃度磨蝕性漿體如精礦和尾礦等。
隨著國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，對(duì)固液泵的需求日益增加，對(duì)品種規(guī)格性能范圍的要求亦日益廣泛。同時(shí)，在渣漿泵理論研究、產(chǎn)品開發(fā)、生產(chǎn)制造和產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量水平等方面都有了長足的進(jìn)步和較大的發(fā)展。就離心式渣漿泵產(chǎn)品本身而言，正向著高揚(yáng)程、大流量、高效率、長壽命、品種多、性能廣、三化程度高和合理使用方面發(fā)展。
Development Trend and General Design of Slurry Pump Products
(1) Overview
Slurry pump is widely used in metallurgy, mining, coal, power, petrochemical industry, food, urban construction, environmental protection, River port dredging, reclamation and other sectors of the national economy.
Pipeline hydraulic transportation technology of solid materials has a long history, and long-distance high-level pipeline transportation technology developed rapidly in the 1950s. Because of the advantages of high efficiency, less land occupation, low cost and no pollution, this kind of transportation method has been paid more and more attention. The United States, Brazil, Japan, the former Soviet Union, South Africa, Canada and other countries have built a number of solid material hydraulic transmission pipelines. According to document [92], 28 slurry pipelines, up to 440 km, have been put into operation from 1950s to early 1980s. Black Mesa coal pipeline, USA. It is reported that the Wyoming-Arkansas coal pipeline, which is scheduled to be put into operation in 1979 in the United States, has a length of 1670 km and an annual coal transportation capacity of 25 million tons. It is also reported that ETST Energy Systems Company of the United States has a coal pipeline of 2,500 km with an annual coal transportation capacity of 3.7 million tons, which was originally planned to be completed in 1985. In 1980, the Soviet Union carried out a feasibility analysis of the Kuzbas coal pipeline with a length of 2500 km and an annual coal transportation volume of 25 million tons.
The concentration of slurry transportation increased from 40%~60% Cw in 1950s to 60%~70% in early 1980s.
With the development of general conveying technology, the demand for all kinds of solid-liquid pumps, which are the essential key equipment for the hydraulic conveying of solid materials in pipelines, is increasing day by day.
According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 300 foreign companies specializing in the production of solid-liquid pumps. Many of them, such as Warman International Equipment Company of Australia, Goulds Pump Company of the United States, Worthngton Pump Company of the United States, Holthus Company of the Netherlands, Wirth Company of Germany and KSB Company, have advanced solid-liquid pump products with reasonable structure, high efficiency and long life. Long life, widely used in all kinds of materials transportation projects, enjoy a high reputation in the world.
At present, four kinds of solid-liquid pump products are mainly used in various industries, such as centrifugal pumps, reciprocating pumps, diaphragm pumps and screw rods.
Pump. In these four types of solid-liquid pump products, centrifugal pumps account for the vast majority (about 80% of the total pump consumption). Centrifugal pumps have the advantages of low total investment cost and manufacturing cost, convenient disassembly and assembly, and tend to be used in long distance pipelines. Reciprocating pumps, such as plunger mud pumps, Mars pumps, piston diaphragm pumps, oil or water isolation mud pumps, have been developed in recent years, which have attracted people's attention. The total investment cost of this type of pumps is 2-5 times that of centrifugal pumps, but the maintenance and operation cost is low. It is suitable for long-distance pipeline transportation of high-concentration abrasive slurry such as concentrate. And tailings, etc.
With the development of national economy, the demand for solid-liquid pumps is increasing day by day, and the requirement for variety specifications and performance range is also increasingly widespread. At the same time, great progress has been made in theoretical research, product development, manufacturing and product quality level of slurry pump. As far as the products of centrifugal slurry pump are concerned, they are developing towards high lift, large flow rate, high efficiency, long service life, many varieties, wide performance, high degree of trimerization and rational use.
