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渣漿泵和壓縮機(jī)在油氣儲(chǔ)運(yùn)工程中的應(yīng)用
在石油及天然氣的儲(chǔ)存和運(yùn)輸工程中，離不開(kāi)管道儲(chǔ)罐，泵和壓縮機(jī)。管道是輸送工具，儲(chǔ)罐是儲(chǔ)存設(shè)備，而泵和壓縮機(jī)則是為流體輸送提供動(dòng)力的機(jī)械。隨著石油工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展，石油產(chǎn)品輸送的管道化日益重要。我國(guó)已建成和在建的多條大型長(zhǎng)距離輸油輸氣管道對(duì)油氣儲(chǔ)運(yùn)工程提出了更高的要求。作為輸送動(dòng)力的泵和壓縮機(jī)是長(zhǎng)距離輸送中的核心設(shè)備，采用安全、高效的泵和壓縮機(jī)是首要的任務(wù),對(duì)提高效率、降低成本起著重要作用。另外，在些輔助性環(huán)節(jié)中，如動(dòng)力風(fēng)源、儀表控制用風(fēng)及水循環(huán)系統(tǒng)等，都離不開(kāi)泵和壓縮機(jī)。
一、在油氣集輸和處理過(guò)程中的應(yīng)用
油氣集輸是指收集各油氣田上各井產(chǎn)出的采出液或天然氣及其伴生氣，經(jīng)分離、計(jì)量后匯集輸送到處理站。在油氣處理站內(nèi)進(jìn)行的工作包括油氣水分離、原油脫水、原油穩(wěn)定、天然氣脫水和含油污水處理等。在處理站，主要用到原油泵、污水泵以及多相混輸泵。渣漿泵
天然氣從氣井采出后,經(jīng)過(guò)節(jié)流降壓、分離除液、計(jì)量后，再由集輸氣站送至天然氣處理廠或長(zhǎng)輸管道首站。在天然氣集輸過(guò)程中,隨著氣田天然氣不斷開(kāi)采，氣井天然氣壓力逐浙降低，當(dāng)降至集氣管線壓力,而無(wú)法進(jìn)入集氣管網(wǎng)時(shí),需要增壓。由于氣田增壓站的特點(diǎn)是來(lái)氣壓力和流量變化大，通常采用往復(fù)式壓縮機(jī)進(jìn)行增壓，有時(shí)也采用噴射式壓縮機(jī)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)增壓。而在天然氣凈化廠的脫硫脫水、硫磺回收和尾氣處理等裝置中除了用到大量的耐腐蝕循環(huán)泵外，還用到大型往復(fù)式壓縮機(jī)機(jī)和離心式壓縮機(jī)等，此時(shí)為了充分利用循環(huán)液體和裝置本身產(chǎn)生的中、高壓蒸汽，常采用液力透平和背壓汽輪機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)。
Application of slurry pump and compressor in oil and gas storage and Transportation Engineering
In oil and gas storage and transportation engineering, pipeline storage tank, pump and compressor are indispensable. The pipeline is the transport tool, the storage tank is the storage equipment, and the pump and the compressor are the machines which provide the power for the fluid transport. With the development of petroleum industry, the pipeline transportation of petroleum products is becoming more and more important. Many large-scale long-distance oil and gas pipelines that have been built and are under construction in China put forward higher requirements for oil and gas storage and transportation projects. As the core equipment of long-distance transportation, the pump and compressor are used to transport power. It is the first task to adopt safe and efficient pump and compressor, which plays an important role in improving efficiency and reducing cost. In addition, in some auxiliary links, such as power air source, instrument control air and water circulation system, pump and compressor are indispensable.
1、 Application in oil and gas gathering and processing
Oil and gas gathering and transmission refers to the collection of produced fluid or natural gas and associated gas produced by each well in each oil and gas field, which are collected and transported to the treatment station after separation and measurement. The work in the oil and gas treatment station includes oil and gas water separation, crude oil dehydration, crude oil stability, natural gas dehydration and oily sewage treatment. In the treatment station, the primary oil pump, sewage pump and multiphase mixed transportation pump are mainly used. Slurry pump
After the natural gas is produced from the gas well, it is throttled, depressurized, separated, and metered, and then sent to the natural gas treatment plant or the initial station of long-distance pipeline from the gas gathering and transmission station. In the process of natural gas gathering and transmission, with the continuous exploitation of natural gas in the gas field, the pressure of natural gas in the gas well will be reduced one by one. When the pressure of the gas gathering pipeline is reduced and it is unable to enter the gas gathering network, it needs to be pressurized. Because the characteristic of gas field booster station is that the incoming gas pressure and flow change greatly, reciprocating compressor is usually used for boosting, sometimes jet compressor is also used for boosting. In addition to a large number of corrosion-resistant circulating pumps, large reciprocating compressors and centrifugal compressors are also used in the desulfurization and dehydration, sulfur recovery and tail gas treatment units of the natural gas purification plant. At this time, in order to make full use of the circulating liquid and the medium and high pressure steam generated by the unit itself, hydraulic turbines and back pressure turbines are often used for driving.
